The History of Quba Mosque – The First Mosque in Islam

 


Introduction

In the sacred city of Madinah lies a modest yet spiritually monumental mosque—Masjid Quba. It holds the distinction of being the first mosque ever built in Islam, founded by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) upon his arrival to Madinah during the Hijrah (migration) from Makkah.

Quba Mosque is more than just a historic structure; it is a living symbol of faith, unity, and community, with immense spiritual significance for Muslims around the world.

In this blog, we’ll explore the mosque’s remarkable history, its religious importance, architecture, and how you can visit this blessed place during your journey to Saudi Arabia.

The Historical Background

The Hijrah and Foundation of Quba Mosque

In 622 CE, when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) migrated from Makkah to Madinah—a journey known as the Hijrah—he stopped in a small village called Quba, located just a few kilometers from the heart of Madinah.

During his brief stay of four days, the Prophet personally participated in laying the foundation of Masjid Quba, along with his companions. This act made Quba Mosque the first mosque built by Muslims, even before Masjid an-Nabawi.

Qur'anic Mention

Quba Mosque is honored in the Holy Qur’an. Allah mentions it as a place built on piety:

"…a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy for you to stand in..."
(Surah At-Tawbah 9:108)

This verse directly refers to Quba Mosque and highlights its spiritual significance.

Spiritual Importance in Islam

Virtue of Praying in Quba Mosque

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized the reward of praying in Quba:

"Whoever makes ablution in his house and comes to Masjid Quba and prays therein will have a reward like that of Umrah."
(Sunan Ibn Majah)

This makes Quba a must-visit for pilgrims and travelers who visit Madinah, especially during Umrah or Hajj seasons.

A Weekly Visit by the Prophet

The Prophet used to visit Quba Mosque regularly, often on Saturdays, and encouraged his companions to do the same. Today, many Muslims follow this sunnah and visit Quba weekly when living in or visiting Madinah.

Architecture and Renovations

Original Structure

The original mosque was a simple, humble structure made from mud bricks and palm trunks, reflecting the simplicity of early Islamic architecture.

Modern Renovations

Over the centuries, Quba Mosque has undergone several restorations by different Islamic rulers. The most notable modern expansion was carried out during the reign of King Fahd in the 1980s. The mosque now features:

  • Four minarets

  • A large central dome

  • Multiple prayer halls

  • Facilities for ablution and learning

The renovations preserved its historical integrity while enhancing capacity and comfort for worshippers.

How to Visit Quba Mosque

Location

  • Distance from Masjid an-Nabawi: ~3.5 km

  • Transport: Easily accessible by car, bus, or local ride services like Careem or Uber.

Best Time to Visit

  • Early morning after Fajr prayer

  • On Saturday, following the sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH)

  • During Umrah or Hajj seasons for spiritual merit

What to Do When You Arrive

  1. Perform ablution (wudu) before arriving, if possible.

  2. Enter the mosque with the right foot and say the appropriate du’a.

  3. Pray two rak’ahs (units) of voluntary prayer.

  4. Make du’a and reflect on its history and significance.

Tips for Visitors

  • Dress modestly in appropriate Islamic attire.

  • Maintain decorum and silence while inside the mosque.

  • Bring a small prayer mat if you visit during peak times.

  • Drink Zamzam water available in the mosque (if provided).

  • Take some time to reflect on the Prophet’s journey and the beginnings of the Islamic community.

Nearby Sites to Explore

While you are in Quba, you can also visit:

1. Masjid al-Qiblatain (Mosque of the Two Qiblas)

Where the qiblah (direction of prayer) changed from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Makkah.

2. Masjid al-Nabawi

The second mosque built by the Prophet, where he is also buried.

3. Mount Uhud

Site of the historic Battle of Uhud, deeply connected with early Islamic history.

Conclusion

Masjid Quba isn’t just the first mosque in Islam—it’s a symbol of the very foundation of the Muslim ummah. Its story is one of faith, perseverance, and divine guidance. Visiting this sacred site offers not only historical insight but also immense spiritual reward.

Whether you’re traveling for Hajj, Umrah, or simply exploring the religious landmarks of Saudi Arabia, be sure to include Quba Mosque on your itinerary. A simple two-rak’ah prayer here could be as rewarding as performing Umrah!

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